Imamat 24:21

24:21 One who beats an animal to death ¹  must make restitution for it, but ²  one who beats a person to death must be put to death.

Kejadian 9:6

9:6 “Whoever sheds human blood, ³ 

by other humans ⁴ 

must his blood be shed;

for in God’s image ⁵ 

God ⁶  has made humankind.”

Keluaran 21:12

Personal Injuries

21:12 ⁷ “Whoever strikes someone ⁸  so that he dies ⁹  must surely be put to death. ¹⁰ 

Ulangan 27:24

27:24 ‘Cursed is the one who kills ¹¹  his neighbor in private.’ Then all the people will say, ‘Amen!’

[24:21]  ¹ sn See the note on v. 18 above.

[24:21]  ² tn Heb “and,” but here the Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) is adversative, contrasting the consequences of beating an animal to death with those of beating a person to death.

[9:6]  ³ tn Heb “the blood of man.”

[9:6]  ⁴ tn Heb “by man,” a generic term here for other human beings.

[9:6]  ⁵ sn See the notes on the words “humankind” and “likeness” in Gen 1:26, as well as J. Barr, “The Image of God in the Book of Genesis – A Study of Terminology,” BJRL 51 (1968/69): 11-26.

[9:6]  ⁶ tn Heb “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[21:12]  ⁷ sn The underlying point of this section remains vital today: The people of God must treat all human life as sacred.

[21:12]  ⁸ tn The construction uses a Hiphil participle in construct with the noun for “man” (or person as is understood in a law for the nation): “the one striking [of] a man.” This is a casus pendens (independent nominative absolute); it indicates the condition or action that involves further consequence (GKC 361 §116.w).

[21:12]  ⁹ tn The Hebrew word וָמֵת (vamet) is a Qal perfect with vav consecutive; it means “and he dies” and not “and killed him” (which require another stem). Gesenius notes that this form after a participle is the equivalent of a sentence representing a contingent action (GKC 333 §112.n). The word shows the result of the action in the opening participle. It is therefore a case of murder or manslaughter.

[21:12]  ¹⁰ sn See A. Phillips, “Another Look at Murder,” JJS 28 (1977): 105-26.

[27:24]  ¹¹ tn Or “strikes down” (so NRSV).